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Selected drugs in drinking water sources and possibilities of their removal by adsorption
Lukášová, Daniela ; Ilavský,, Ján (referee) ; Kyncl, Miroslav (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
The dissertation deals with the occurrence of a selected group of drugs in drinking water sources and their subsequent removal. The work presents information on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment, their consumption in recent years and their division into different groups. Various options for waterworks processes that remove drugs from water are also described. For the experimental part of the dissertation, adsorption on selected sorption materials was chosen as the removal process. The removal of drugs from water was carried out in two ways, a static and a dynamic test. At the end of the work, the efficiency of sorption materials and other parameters related to adsorption are evaluated.
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Chiral analysis of drug residuals in waste waters
Svobodová, Dagmar ; Opatřilová, Radka (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
The theoretical part shortly describes chirality with focus on chiral pharmaceuticals. The processes of their absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination in human body are discussed. These points are very important to understand possible fate of chiral drugs in the environment as there is only little data concerning their environmental behaviour. The occurrence and enantioselective toxicity of chiral drugs is also discussed here. One of the chapters describes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as they are analyzed in the wastewater in the experimental part, and their occurrence in the environment. The experimental part describes optimization of the enantioselective HPLC method using Chiralpak AD as column for ibuprofen and ketoprofen. Reproducible separation of enantiomers wasn’t achieved for naproxen. Optimized methods were then applied for analysis of samples from municipal wastewater treatment plant in Brno-Modřice.
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Use of Fenton Reaction for Drug Degradation in the Ecosystem
Tomešová, Lenka ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Břichnáčová Habartová, Věra (referee)
The elimination of unwanted substances from the ecosystem can be accomplished by advanced oxidation processes (AOP). AOPs are used preferably in treatment of wastewater. One of the AOP's methods is Fenton's reaction. The degradation of drug residues by this reaction was the aim the project. The experiments were focused on finding possible degradation products, which could be much more hazardous than parent compounds. The study was primarily concerned with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (acetaminophen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen and salicylic acid) and antiepileptic carbamazepine. The complete decomposition of tested compounds was not observed by using HPLC and MS analysis. The products of decomposition were found in reaction mixture, in case of diclofenac dechloration of aromatic ring occurred. In cases of most compounds with exception of acetoaminophen and salicylic acid the reaction led to the formation of more polar products than parent compounds. The results imply that even more advanced oxidation processes do not cause complete destruction of organic compounds. Key words: Fentons reaction, drug residues, acetaminophen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, carbamazepine, naproxen, salicylic acid.
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Influence of diclofenac on naproxene phytoextraction.
Urbánková, Kristýna ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Břichnáčová Habartová, Věra (referee)
The presence of organic compounds from commonly used pharmaceuticals in surface waters is considered to be pseudo-persistent contamination with possible negative biological effects. One of the methods for limited entering of these compounds into ecosystem is using biotechnological processes for secondary treatment of sewage treatment plants effluent. Phytoextraction of naproxene and diclofenac was observed in plants like sunflower, maize and rape using in vitro experiments under different conditions monocomponent and dicomponent artificial pollution. In the experiments with individual substances the ability of phytoextraction was found in all cases. Contrary to results with maize, sunflower has different phytoextraction ability for naproxene and diclofenac (80 % vs. 34 % of extracted naproxene and diclofenac after 24 hours of experiment) and amounts of extracted material are dependent on used cultivar. In case of rape the difference between both tested substances is not so big (5 % of naproxene vs. 33 % of diclofenac). Generally naproxene is phytoextracted more easily from the medium, whereas the presence of diclofenac decreased uptake of naproxene in all tested cultivars.
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Influence of salicylic acid on naproxene and diclofenac phytoextraction.
Vrtalová, Martina ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Břichnáčová Habartová, Věra (referee)
The influence of salicylic acid on the naproxene a diclofenac phytoextraction at different starting concentrations of tested substances has been investigated. The experiments were performed using in vitro sterile hydroponic cultivation of Helianthus annus, Pisum sativum, Brassica napus and Zea mays plants on the Murashige-Skoog cultivation medium supplemented with appropriate combinations of tested substances. The extraction of naproxene (15 or 17 mg/l) in the presence of salicylic acid (1 or 5 mg/l) was decreased at B. napus and P. sativum plants. In contrast to these results the phytoextraction by H. annuus plants was increased by the use of the same experimental conditions . At diclofenac/salicylic acid combinations and H. annuus plants the positive influence of salicylic acid in the concentration of 1 mg/l on diclofenac phytoextraction was found while the concentration of 5 mg/l diminished the phytoextraction efficiency. At other used plant species the extraction of diclofenac was concentration dependently decreased by salicylic acid. The obtained results clearly show that phytoextraction in multicomponent mixtures is complicated and in tested systems the salicylic acid moderately influenced phytoextraction of naproxene and diclofenac in dependence on the used plant species ad salicylic acid...
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Preparation and phytoextraction of 125-I labelled pharmaceuticals
Luptáková, Dominika ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Soudek, Petr (referee)
Pharmaceuticals are group of organic substances with significant worldwide consumption in human and veterinary medicine. These compounds may be metabolized in the organism, but in some cases they remain unchanged and both are usually excreted via renal excretion in the native form or as metabolites. Large quantities of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites contaminate municipal wastewater. The wastewater treatment plants are unable to remove these substances completely, so they contaminate surface water, groundwater and soil as well. Due to the biological activity of pharmaceuticals, long - term effect may cause bacterial resistance, endocrine influence, DNA and renal damages in non-target organisms. The phytoextraction and the translocation of radiolabeled diclofenac with 125 I were experimentally studied by using of in vitro cultivated plants Helianthus annuus and Zea mays. Efficiency od phytoextraction was monitored as decrease of radioactivity of tested substance [125 I]diclofenac in Murashige-Skoog cultivation medium. Both species are able to extract tested substance during 8 to 10 days of cultivation, with efficiency approximately 85 % using Zea mays and 79 % using Helianthus annuus. Better extraction ability of diclofenac was observed at Helianthus annuus - 80 mg/ kg of dry weight compared...
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Influence of salicylic acid on naproxene and diclofenac phytoextraction.
Vrtalová, Martina ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Břichnáčová Habartová, Věra (referee)
The influence of salicylic acid on the naproxene a diclofenac phytoextraction at different starting concentrations of tested substances has been investigated. The experiments were performed using in vitro sterile hydroponic cultivation of Helianthus annus, Pisum sativum, Brassica napus and Zea mays plants on the Murashige-Skoog cultivation medium supplemented with appropriate combinations of tested substances. The extraction of naproxene (15 or 17 mg/l) in the presence of salicylic acid (1 or 5 mg/l) was decreased at B. napus and P. sativum plants. In contrast to these results the phytoextraction by H. annuus plants was increased by the use of the same experimental conditions . At diclofenac/salicylic acid combinations and H. annuus plants the positive influence of salicylic acid in the concentration of 1 mg/l on diclofenac phytoextraction was found while the concentration of 5 mg/l diminished the phytoextraction efficiency. At other used plant species the extraction of diclofenac was concentration dependently decreased by salicylic acid. The obtained results clearly show that phytoextraction in multicomponent mixtures is complicated and in tested systems the salicylic acid moderately influenced phytoextraction of naproxene and diclofenac in dependence on the used plant species ad salicylic acid...
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Influence of diclofenac on naproxene phytoextraction.
Urbánková, Kristýna ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Břichnáčová Habartová, Věra (referee)
The presence of organic compounds from commonly used pharmaceuticals in surface waters is considered to be pseudo-persistent contamination with possible negative biological effects. One of the methods for limited entering of these compounds into ecosystem is using biotechnological processes for secondary treatment of sewage treatment plants effluent. Phytoextraction of naproxene and diclofenac was observed in plants like sunflower, maize and rape using in vitro experiments under different conditions monocomponent and dicomponent artificial pollution. In the experiments with individual substances the ability of phytoextraction was found in all cases. Contrary to results with maize, sunflower has different phytoextraction ability for naproxene and diclofenac (80 % vs. 34 % of extracted naproxene and diclofenac after 24 hours of experiment) and amounts of extracted material are dependent on used cultivar. In case of rape the difference between both tested substances is not so big (5 % of naproxene vs. 33 % of diclofenac). Generally naproxene is phytoextracted more easily from the medium, whereas the presence of diclofenac decreased uptake of naproxene in all tested cultivars.
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Use of Fenton Reaction for Drug Degradation in the Ecosystem
Tomešová, Lenka ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Břichnáčová Habartová, Věra (referee)
The elimination of unwanted substances from the ecosystem can be accomplished by advanced oxidation processes (AOP). AOPs are used preferably in treatment of wastewater. One of the AOP's methods is Fenton's reaction. The degradation of drug residues by this reaction was the aim the project. The experiments were focused on finding possible degradation products, which could be much more hazardous than parent compounds. The study was primarily concerned with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (acetaminophen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen and salicylic acid) and antiepileptic carbamazepine. The complete decomposition of tested compounds was not observed by using HPLC and MS analysis. The products of decomposition were found in reaction mixture, in case of diclofenac dechloration of aromatic ring occurred. In cases of most compounds with exception of acetoaminophen and salicylic acid the reaction led to the formation of more polar products than parent compounds. The results imply that even more advanced oxidation processes do not cause complete destruction of organic compounds. Key words: Fentons reaction, drug residues, acetaminophen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, carbamazepine, naproxen, salicylic acid.
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Chiral analysis of drug residuals in waste waters
Svobodová, Dagmar ; Opatřilová, Radka (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
The theoretical part shortly describes chirality with focus on chiral pharmaceuticals. The processes of their absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination in human body are discussed. These points are very important to understand possible fate of chiral drugs in the environment as there is only little data concerning their environmental behaviour. The occurrence and enantioselective toxicity of chiral drugs is also discussed here. One of the chapters describes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as they are analyzed in the wastewater in the experimental part, and their occurrence in the environment. The experimental part describes optimization of the enantioselective HPLC method using Chiralpak AD as column for ibuprofen and ketoprofen. Reproducible separation of enantiomers wasn’t achieved for naproxen. Optimized methods were then applied for analysis of samples from municipal wastewater treatment plant in Brno-Modřice.
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